Pierre Ordinaire, a French doctor living in Couvet, Switzerland around 1792 (the exact date varies by account). According to popular legend, it began as an all-purpose patent remedy created by Dr. The first evidence of absinthe, in the sense of a distilled spirit containing green anise and fennel, dates to the 18th century. Moreover, there is evidence of a wormwood-flavoured wine in ancient Greece called absinthites oinos. Wormwood extracts and wine-soaked wormwood leaves were used as remedies by the ancient Greeks. The medical use of wormwood dates back to ancient Egypt and is mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus, c. The precise origin of absinthe is unclear. Absinth (without the final e) is a spelling variant most commonly applied to absinthes produced in central and eastern Europe, and is specifically associated with Bohemian-style absinthes. Alternative spellings for absinthe include absinth, absynthe and absenta. Alternatively, the Greek word may originate in a pre-Greek substrate word, marked by the non-Indo-European consonant complex νθ (-nth). Whether the word was a borrowing from Persian into Greek, or from a common ancestor of both, is unclear. That Artemisia absinthium was commonly burned as a protective offering may suggest that its origins lie in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language root *spend, meaning "to perform a ritual" or "make an offering". Some claim that the word means "undrinkable" in Greek, but it may instead be linked to the Persian root spand or aspand, or the variant esfand, which meant Peganum harmala, also called Syrian Rue-although it is not actually a variety of rue, another famously bitter herb. The use of Artemisia absinthium in a drink is attested in Lucretius' De Rerum Natura (936–950), where Lucretius indicates that a drink containing wormwood is given as medicine to children in a cup with honey on the brim to make it drinkable. Absinthe is derived from the Latin absinthium, which in turn comes from the Greek ἀψίνθιον apsínthion, "wormwood". The French word absinthe can refer either to the alcoholic beverage or, less commonly, to the actual wormwood plant. By the early 21st century, nearly 200 brands of absinthe were being produced in a dozen countries, most notably in France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, and the Czech Republic.Īlbert Maignan's Green Muse (1895): a poet succumbs to the Green Fairy Ī revival of absinthe began in the 1990s, following the adoption of modern European Union food and beverage laws that removed long-standing barriers to its production and sale. Recent studies have shown that absinthe's psychoactive properties (apart from those attributable to alcohol) have been exaggerated. By 1915, absinthe had been banned in the United States and in much of Europe, including France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, and Austria-Hungary, yet it has not been demonstrated to be any more dangerous than ordinary spirits. The chemical compound thujone, which is present in the spirit in trace amounts, was blamed for its alleged harmful effects. Ībsinthe has often been portrayed as a dangerously addictive psychoactive drug and hallucinogen. From Europe and the Americas, notable absinthe drinkers included Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Lewis Carroll, Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, Oscar Wilde, Marcel Proust, Aleister Crowley, Erik Satie, Edgar Allan Poe, Lord Byron, and Alfred Jarry. The consumption of absinthe was opposed by social conservatives and prohibitionists, partly due to its association with bohemian culture. It rose to great popularity as an alcoholic drink in late 19th- and early 20th-century France, particularly among Parisian artists and writers. Absinthe is traditionally bottled at a high level of alcohol by volume, but it is normally diluted with water before being consumed.Ībsinthe originated in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland in the late 18th century. It is sometimes mistakenly referred to as a liqueur, but is not traditionally bottled with added sugar and is, therefore, classified as a spirit. It is commonly referred to in historical literature as la fée verte ("the green fairy").
Absinthe traditionally has a natural green color but may also be colorless. Historically described as a highly alcoholic spirit, it is 45–74% ABV or 90–148 proof US. Absinthe ( / ˈ æ b s ɪ n θ, - s æ̃ θ/, French: ( listen)) is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from several plants, including the flowers and leaves of Artemisia absinthium ("grand wormwood"), together with green anise, sweet fennel, and other medicinal and culinary herbs.
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